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Course: The Seeing America Project > Unit 3
Lesson 3: 1870-1939- Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold, the Falling Rocket
- Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket
- Burnham and Root, Reliance Building
- Louis Sullivan and the invention of the skyscraper
- An early skyscraper: Louis Sullivan’s Carson Pirie Scott Building
- A show-stopping cut-glass punch bowl
- A Landmark Decision: Penn Station, Grand Central, and the architectural heritage of NYC
- Going out to the cinema in 1913, John Sloan's Movies
- The moment of American Industry: Elsie Driggs, Blast Furnaces, 1927
- Van Alen, The Chrysler Building
- A brutal history told for a modern city, Diego Rivera's Sugar Cane
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Going out to the cinema in 1913, John Sloan's Movies
John Sloan's painting "Movies" from 1913 captures the gritty urban life of working-class New Yorkers. Sloan, a New York realist, uses open brushwork to depict the vitality of the city. The painting's subjects, illuminated by gas light, hint at the provocative and unglamorous aspects of the era. Sloan's work reflects his interest in the working class and his role in the Ashcan School of art. Created by Smarthistory.
Want to join the conversation?
- Did the Ash Can style dissipate or did it evolve into something else? And if it evolved, into what?(1 vote)
Video transcript
(gentle piano music) - [Dr. Zucker] We're in
the Toledo Museum of Art, standing in front of a small
painting by John Sloan. It's called Movies, and it dates to 1913. And what we're actually
seeing is not the movie itself but the street in front of the theater. - [Dr. Nichols] Clusters of
New Yorkers, a man and a woman, two women, a man with a hat
on leaning against the wall, two men in the lower right,
one looking over his shoulder, three children in the
foreground; in other words, clusters of individuals in
front of a movie marquis. - [Dr. Zucker] And they're
not specific people. We can't identify their
individual features, but they do seem to
represent types of people. - [Dr. Nichols] Their dabs
of paint that represent eyes or mouth or a nose, we're told more about who they
are and what they're thinking by what they're wearing
and their gestures. - [Dr. Zucker] If we were
to make a general statement about these people and this place, it would be that they're
working class people. According to at least one art historian, this was located on Carmine
Street in the West Village. - [Dr. Nichols] What Sloan has
done is brightly illuminated up here a middle shape with gas light, and what he's featuring is the
words A Romance of the Harem. We can describe Sloan
as a New York realist. In 1908, he first exhibited
with a group called The Eight, which came to be known
as the Ashcan School. They painted what they saw
on the streets of New York. - [Dr. Zucker] But they chose
to paint it with a grittiness and a quality of urban life
that was really distinct from the prevailing style of the day. I'm thinking about the work
of American impressionists that had borrowed the techniques of Europe and brought them to American soil. The Ashcan artists are dealing not with the broad avenues of New York, but they're dealing
within more narrow streets of the neighborhoods. - [Dr. Nichols] Often
taking unglamorous subjects: boxing matches, prostitutes, people going to see A
Romance of the Harem. - [Dr. Zucker] The idea of going
to a moviehouse in New York was really only a few years old, and these places were considered low; this was not high culture, and part of that was because
of the lasciviousness because of the sexually
charged subject matter that was on display. - [Dr. Nichols] The
Ziegfeld Follies just began. This is the age of the Hoochie Koochie, the provocative belly dance,
the age of the burlesque. This was the age of becoming more aware of things happening outside
of the United States, and so there was this interest in, "What am I going to see on the
screen when I go in there?" and all accentuated by bright lights and pockets of darkness. What goes on in that darkness
after you see such a movie? - [Dr. Zucker] So there's
a kind of voyeurism for us, as we look at these people
looking at each other. - [Dr. Nichols] This fellow
leaning against the marquis with a bright light on his hat. He's wearing a white-ish necktie,
hands in his pant pockets, taking it all in, and not
missing a thing or being missed. - [Dr. Zucker] But with a
slight menacing quality, in that he's one of the only figures here that is unaccompanied. - [Dr. Nichols] This painting
is also about suggestiveness, of what we're seeing but
what we're not seeing. - [Dr. Zucker] You said a
moment ago that John Sloan was interested in New York as a whole. American culture was
increasingly interested in European developments,
and John Sloan, in 1913, was part of a committee
that put on the armory show. This was an exhibition
of advanced American art but also of advanced art in Europe, and it became a sensation. - [Dr. Nichols] It was the
first exhibit that made America aware of the moment called cubism. And a very important show. So Sloan and his cohorts,
Robert Henri and others, were very active in bringing
to an American public an awareness of what
was going on in Europe. - [Dr. Zucker] And Sloan's
interest in working class people should be no surprise. By 1913, he had become a socialist, and he had become the artistic director for a periodical called The Masses. - [Dr. Nichols] Gritty
actuality of urban America, that's what Sloan is capturing. - [Dr. Zucker] And you see
it in his open brushwork. You see that movement,
the vitality of the city. Even the architecture seems unstable, as if the buildings themselves
are shifting and moving, as they appear and
disappear into the night. - [Dr. Nichols] John Sloan's The Movies. (upbeat piano music)